\[\boxed{\mathbf{527\ (527).\ }Еуроки\ - \ ДЗ\ без\ мороки}\]
\[44\ 100 = 40\ 000 \cdot \left( 1 + \frac{p}{100} \right)^{2}\]
\[\left( 1 + \frac{p}{100} \right)^{2} = \frac{44100}{40000}\]
\[1 + \frac{p}{100} = \sqrt{1,1025}\]
\[1 + \frac{p}{100} = 1,05\]
\[\frac{p}{100} = 0,05\]
\[p = 5\]
\[5\% - ежегодный\ процент\ \]
\[прироста\ населения.\]
\[Ответ:5\%.\]