Ответ:

  1. \(a^3-x^3=(a-x)(a^2+ax+x^2)\).
  2. \(x^{3/2}-y^{3/2}=(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y})(x+\sqrt{xy}+y)\).
  3. \(a^{1/2}-b^{1/2}=\sqrt a-\sqrt b\).
  4. \(27a^3+c^{3/2}=(3a)^3+(\sqrt c)^3=(3a+\sqrt c)(9a^2+3a\sqrt c+c)\).

Ответ: \((a-x)(a^2+ax+x^2);\ (\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y})(x+\sqrt{xy}+y);\ \sqrt a-\sqrt b;\ (3a+\sqrt c)(9a^2+3a\sqrt c+c)\).