a) $$(a-c)(a+c) - (a-2c)^2 = (a^2 - c^2) - (a^2 - 4ac + 4c^2) = a^2 - c^2 - a^2 + 4ac - 4c^2 = 4ac - 5c^2$$
б) $$(x-4)(x+4) - (x+8)(x-8) = (x^2 - 16) - (x^2 - 64) = x^2 - 16 - x^2 + 64 = 48$$
в) $$(3b-1)(3b+1) - (b-5)(b+5) = (9b^2 - 1) - (b^2 - 25) = 9b^2 - 1 - b^2 + 25 = 8b^2 + 24$$
г) $$(m+3n)^2 + (m+3n)(m-3n) = (m^2 + 6mn + 9n^2) + (m^2 - 9n^2) = m^2 + 6mn + 9n^2 + m^2 - 9n^2 = 2m^2 + 6mn$$