Решение:
Применяем свойства степеней:
- \( 2^3 \cdot 2^4 = 2^{3+4} = 2^7 = 128 \)
- \( 3^{13} : 3^9 = 3^{13-9} = 3^4 = 81 \)
- \( 7^5 \cdot 7^{12} : 7^{14} = 7^{5+12-14} = 7^3 = 343 \)
- \( 37^8 : 3^7 \cdot 3^7 = 37^8 \cdot 37^{-7} \cdot 37^7 = 37^{8-7+7} = 37^8 \)
- \( \left(-\frac{1}{9}\right)^7 \cdot \left(-\frac{1}{9}\right)^{10} : \left(-\frac{1}{9}\right)^{20} = \left(-\frac{1}{9}\right)^{7+10-20} = \left(-\frac{1}{9}\right)^{-3} = \left(-9\right)^3 = -729 \)
- \( \frac{(0.3)^9 \cdot (0.3)^{18}}{(0.3)^{23} \cdot (0.3)^4} = \frac{(0.3)^{9+18}}{(0.3)^{23+4}} = \frac{(0.3)^{27}}{(0.3)^{27}} = 1 \)
- \( \frac{5^{12} \cdot 5^4}{5^{13}} = \frac{5^{12+4}}{5^{13}} = \frac{5^{16}}{5^{13}} = 5^{16-13} = 5^3 = 125 \)
Ответ: а) 128; б) 81; в) 343; г) 37⁸; д) -729; е) 1; ж) 125.