1) 8a^2 - 8ab - 5a + 5b = 8a(a-b) - 5(a-b) = (8a-5)(a-b)
Если $$a = \frac{1}{8}, b = -\frac{3}{4}$$, то
$$(8a-5)(a-b) = (8(\frac{1}{8}) - 5)(\frac{1}{8} - (-\frac{3}{4})) = (1-5)(\frac{1}{8} + \frac{6}{8}) = (-4)(\frac{7}{8}) = -\frac{28}{8} = -\frac{7}{2} = -3.5
2) 10y^3 + y^2 + 10y + 1 = y^2(10y+1) + (10y+1) = (y^2+1)(10y+1)
Если y = 0.3, то
$$(y^2+1)(10y+1) = ((0.3)^2 + 1)(10(0.3)+1) = (0.09+1)(3+1) = (1.09)(4) = 4.36