1) $$a + b + a^2 - b^2 = (a + b) + (a - b)(a + b) = (a + b)(1 + a - b)$$
2) $$9a^2 - 6ab + b^2 - 16 = (9a^2 - 6ab + b^2) - 16 = (3a - b)^2 - 4^2 = (3a - b - 4)(3a - b + 4)$$
3) $$x^3y^2 - x^3 - xy^2 + x = x^3(y^2 - 1) - x(y^2 - 1) = (x^3 - x)(y^2 - 1) = x(x^2 - 1)(y - 1)(y + 1) = x(x - 1)(x + 1)(y - 1)(y + 1)$$
4) $$1 - x^2 + 4xy - 4y^2 = 1 - (x^2 - 4xy + 4y^2) = 1 - (x - 2y)^2 = (1 - (x - 2y))(1 + (x - 2y)) = (1 - x + 2y)(1 + x - 2y)$$
Ответ:
1) $$(a + b)(1 + a - b)$$
2) $$(3a - b - 4)(3a - b + 4)$$
3) $$x(x - 1)(x + 1)(y - 1)(y + 1)$$
4) $$(1 - x + 2y)(1 + x - 2y)$$