1) $$b^2 - 49 = b^2 - 7^2 = (b - 7)(b + 7)$$
2) $$c^2 - 8c + 16 = c^2 - 2*c*4 + 4^2 = (c - 4)^2$$
3) $$100 - 9x^2 = 10^2 - (3x)^2 = (10 - 3x)(10 + 3x)$$
4) $$4a^2 + 20ab + 25b^2 = (2a)^2 + 2*(2a)*(5b) + (5b)^2 = (2a + 5b)^2$$
Ответ:
1) $$(b - 7)(b + 7)$$
2) $$(c - 4)^2$$
3) $$(10 - 3x)(10 + 3x)$$
4) $$(2a + 5b)^2$$