a) $$36a^4 - 25a^2b^2 = a^2(36a^2 - 25b^2) = a^2((6a)^2 - (5b)^2) = a^2(6a - 5b)(6a + 5b)$$
б) $$(x-7)^2 - 81 = (x-7)^2 - 9^2 = ((x-7) - 9)((x-7) + 9) = (x - 7 - 9)(x - 7 + 9) = (x - 16)(x + 2)$$
Ответы:
a) $$a^2(6a - 5b)(6a + 5b)$$
б) $$(x - 16)(x + 2)$$