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МатематикаВопрос:
3. Why were the coffee-houses nicknamed "penny universities"?
Ответ:
Coffee-houses were nicknamed "penny universities" because people could spend a few pence and gain knowledge and engage in intellectual discussions, similar to attending a university.
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- 6. Complete the text with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets and answer the questions. Where do you go when you want to know the latest business news, follow commodity prices, or stay abreast of the latest scientific and technological developments? Today, the answer is obvious: you log on to the internet. Three centuries ago, the answer ________ 1(be) just as easy: you ________ 2 (go) to a coffee-house. There, for the price of a cup of coffee, you ________ 3(can) attend scientific lectures, or chat with like-minded people about literature or politics. Like today's websites, coffee-houses ________ 4(be) lively. Collectively Europe's interconnected web of coffee-houses ________ 5(form) the internet of the Enlightenment era. The contrast between coffee and alcoholic drinks was reflected in the decor of the coffee houses that ________ 6(begin) to appear in European cities, London in particular. They________ 7(decorate) with bookshelves, mirrors, gilt-framed pictures and good furniture, in contrast to the rowdiness and gloom of taverns. According to custom, social differences ________ 8 (leave) at the coffee-house door and anyone who started a quarrel had to atone for it by buying an order of coffee for all present. Coffee ________ 9(be) the ideal drink. Its popularity owed much to the growing middle class of information workers, who ________ 10(do) mental work in offices rather than performing physical labour in the open, and found that coffee sharpened their mental faculties. Such men ________ 11)be) not rich enough to entertain lavishly at home, but ________ 12(can) afford to spend a few pence a day on coffee. Coffee-houses were nicknamed "penny universities" in a contemporary English verse which observed: "So great Universitie, I think there ne'er was any; In which you may a Scholar be, for spending of a penny."
- 1. What was the alternative of the internet three century ago?
- 2. What were the coffee-houses decorated with?
