Ответ:

  1. \(-9+x=3x-7\),
    \(-2=2x\),
    \(x=-1\).
  2. \(3-4(3x-5)=12-7x\),
    \(3-12x+20=12-7x\),
    \(23-12x=12-7x\),
    \(5x=11\),
    \(x=\frac{11}{5}\).
  3. \(x-1-2(x+2)=-3(1-x)+8\),
    \(-x-5=3x+5\),
    \(-4x=10\),
    \(x=-\frac{5}{2}\).
  4. \((x-4)^2+(x-1)^2=2x^2\),
    \(x^2-8x+16+x^2-2x+1=2x^2\),
    \(-10x+17=0\),
    \(x=\frac{17}{10}\).
  5. \(2x^2+3x-8=5x^2+4x-(-5+3x^2)\),
    \(2x^2+3x-8=2x^2+4x+5\),
    \(3x-8=4x+5\),
    \(x=-13\).

Ответ: 1) −1; 2) \(\frac{11}{5}\); 3) \(-\frac{5}{2}\); 4) \(\frac{17}{10}\); 5) −13.