1)
$$(x^8 \cdot x)^5 : * = x^7 \Rightarrow (x^9)^5 : * = x^7 \Rightarrow x^{45} : * = x^7 \Rightarrow * = x^{45} : x^7 \Rightarrow * = x^{45-7} \Rightarrow * = x^{38}$$
2)
$$(x^7)^2 \cdot * = x^{17} \Rightarrow x^{14} \cdot * = x^{17} \Rightarrow * = x^{17} : x^{14} \Rightarrow * = x^{17-14} \Rightarrow * = x^3$$
3)
$$(x^7)^2 \cdot * = -x^{17} \Rightarrow x^{14} \cdot * = -x^{17} \Rightarrow * = -x^{17} : x^{14} \Rightarrow * = -x^{17-14} \Rightarrow * = -x^3$$
4)
$$(x^7 \cdot x^5)^5 = * \cdot (-x)^7 \Rightarrow (x^{12})^5 = * \cdot (-x)^7 \Rightarrow x^{60} = * \cdot (-x)^7 \Rightarrow * = x^{60} : (-x)^7 \Rightarrow * = -x^{60} : x^7 \Rightarrow * = -x^{60-7} \Rightarrow * = -x^{53}$$