\[\boxed{\text{1060.}\text{\ }еуроки - ответы\ на\ пятёрку}\]
\[\textbf{а)}\ 1 + a - a^{2} - a^{3} = (1 + a) -\]
\[- a^{2}(1 + a) = (1 + a)\left( 1 - a^{2} \right) =\]
\[= (1 + a)(1 - a)(1 + a)\]
\[\textbf{б)}\ 8 - b^{3} + 4b - 2b^{2} =\]
\[= (2 - b)\left( 4 + 2b + b^{2} \right) +\]
\[+ 2b(2 - b) =\]
\[= (2 - b)\left( 4 + 2b + b^{2} + 2b \right) =\]
\[= (2 - b)\left( 4 + 4b + b^{2} \right) =\]
\[= (2 - b)(2 + b)(2 + b)\ \]