Решение:
- а) \( 3x(3x + 7) - (3x + 1)^2 = (9x^2 + 21x) - (9x^2 + 6x + 1) = 9x^2 + 21x - 9x^2 - 6x - 1 = 15x - 1 \)
- б) \( (y-2)(y + 3) - (y - 1)^2 = (y^2 + 3y - 2y - 6) - (y^2 - 2y + 1) = (y^2 + y - 6) - (y^2 - 2y + 1) = y^2 + y - 6 - y^2 + 2y - 1 = 3y - 7 \)
- в) \( 4b(3b + 6) - (3b - 5)(3b + 5) = (12b^2 + 24b) - (9b^2 - 25) = 12b^2 + 24b - 9b^2 + 25 = 3b^2 + 24b + 25 \)
- г) \( (c - 5)(c - 1) - (c - 6)^2 = (c^2 - c - 5c + 5) - (c^2 - 12c + 36) = (c^2 - 6c + 5) - (c^2 - 12c + 36) = c^2 - 6c + 5 - c^2 + 12c - 36 = 6c - 31 \)
- д) \( (p + 1)^2 - (p + 2)^2 = (p^2 + 2p + 1) - (p^2 + 4p + 4) = p^2 + 2p + 1 - p^2 - 4p - 4 = -2p - 3 \)
- е) \( (y - 4)^2 - (4 - y)(4 + y) = (y^2 - 8y + 16) - (16 - y^2) = y^2 - 8y + 16 - 16 + y^2 = 2y^2 - 8y \)
- ж) \( 4(a + 5)^2 - (4a^2 + 40a) = 4(a^2 + 10a + 25) - 4a^2 - 40a = 4a^2 + 40a + 100 - 4a^2 - 40a = 100 \)
- з) \( (4ab - b^2) + 2(a - b)^2 = 4ab - b^2 + 2(a^2 - 2ab + b^2) = 4ab - b^2 + 2a^2 - 4ab + 2b^2 = 2a^2 + b^2 \)
Ответ: а) 15x - 1; б) 3y - 7; в) 3b² + 24b + 25; г) 6c - 31; д) -2p - 3; е) 2y² - 8y; ж) 100; з) 2a² + b².