Пятый член: b₅ = b₁ * q^(5-1) = 27 * (1/3)⁴ = 27 * (1/81) = 27/81 = 1/3.
Сумма четырёх первых членов: S₄ = b₁ * (1 - q⁴) / (1 - q) = 27 * (1 - (1/3)⁴) / (1 - 1/3) = 27 * (1 - 1/81) / (2/3) = 27 * (80/81) / (2/3) = (27 * 80 * 3) / (81 * 2) = (1 * 80 * 3) / (3 * 2) = 80 / 2 = 40.