Ответ:

1а) Используем \((a+b)-c=(a-c)+b\): \(\left(\frac{9}{16}+\frac{1}{4}\right)-\frac{1}{16}=\left(\frac{9}{16}-\frac{1}{16}\right)+\frac{1}{4}=\frac{8}{16}+\frac{1}{4}=\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}=\frac{3}{4}\).

1б) \(\left(\frac{1}{9}+\frac{7}{18}\right)-\frac{5}{18}=\frac{1}{9}+\left(\frac{7}{18}-\frac{5}{18}\right)=\frac{1}{9}+\frac{2}{18}=\frac{1}{9}+\frac{1}{9}=\frac{2}{9}\).

2а) Используем \(a-(b+c)=(a-b)-c\): \(\frac{13}{14}-\left(\frac{3}{14}+\frac{1}{2}\right)=\left(\frac{13}{14}-\frac{3}{14}\right)-\frac{1}{2}=\frac{10}{14}-\frac{1}{2}=\frac{5}{7}-\frac{1}{2}=\frac{3}{14}\).

2б) \(\frac{13}{21}-\left(\frac{1}{3}+\frac{4}{21}\right)=\left(\frac{13}{21}-\frac{4}{21}\right)-\frac{1}{3}=\frac{9}{21}-\frac{1}{3}=\frac{3}{7}-\frac{1}{3}=\frac{2}{21}\).

Ответ: 1а) \(\frac{3}{4}\); 1б) \(\frac{2}{9}\); 2а) \(\frac{3}{14}\); 2б) \(\frac{2}{21}\).