a) $$\frac{1}{2\sqrt{5}}=\frac{1\cdot\sqrt{5}}{2\sqrt{5}\cdot\sqrt{5}}=\frac{\sqrt{5}}{2\cdot5}=\frac{\sqrt{5}}{10}$$
б) $$\frac{8}{\sqrt{7}-1}=\frac{8(\sqrt{7}+1)}{(\sqrt{7}-1)(\sqrt{7}+1)}=\frac{8(\sqrt{7}+1)}{7-1}=\frac{8(\sqrt{7}+1)}{6}=\frac{4(\sqrt{7}+1)}{3}$$
Ответ: а) $$\frac{\sqrt{5}}{10}$$; б) $$\frac{4(\sqrt{7}+1)}{3}$$