\[c_1 = \frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 - 4 = \frac{1}{2} - 4 = \frac{1}{2} - \frac{8}{2} = -\frac{7}{2}\]
\[c_8 = \frac{1}{2} \cdot 8 - 4 = 4 - 4 = 0\]
\[c_{300} = \frac{1}{2} \cdot 300 - 4 = 150 - 4 = 146\]
\[c_{k+1} = \frac{1}{2} \cdot (k+1) - 4 = \frac{k+1}{2} - 4 = \frac{k+1-8}{2} = \frac{k-7}{2}\]
Ответ: 1) -\(\frac{7}{2}\); 2) 0; 3) 146; 4) \(\frac{k-7}{2}\)