1) \( 1+\cos \alpha + \sin \alpha = (1+\cos \alpha) + \sin \alpha = 2\cos^2 \frac{\alpha}{2} + 2\sin \frac{\alpha}{2} \cos \frac{\alpha}{2} = 2\cos \frac{\alpha}{2} (\cos \frac{\alpha}{2} + \sin \frac{\alpha}{2}) \)
2) \( 1-\cos \alpha - \sin \alpha = (1-\cos \alpha) - \sin \alpha = 2\sin^2 \frac{\alpha}{2} - 2\sin \frac{\alpha}{2} \cos \frac{\alpha}{2} = 2\sin \frac{\alpha}{2} (\sin \frac{\alpha}{2} - \cos \frac{\alpha}{2}) \)
3) \( 3-4\sin^2 \alpha = 3 - 4(1-\cos^2 \alpha) = 3 - 4 + 4\cos^2 \alpha = 4\cos^2 \alpha - 1 \)
4) \( 1-4\cos^2 \alpha \)
Ответ: 1) \(2\cos \frac{\alpha}{2} (\cos \frac{\alpha}{2} + \sin \frac{\alpha}{2})\); 2) \(2\sin \frac{\alpha}{2} (\sin \frac{\alpha}{2} - \cos \frac{\alpha}{2})\); 3) \(4\cos^2 \alpha - 1\); 4) \(1-4\cos^2 \alpha\)