a) a₁ = 16, a₈ = 37
a₈ = a₁ + 7d, значит 37 = 16 + 7d
7d = 37 - 16 = 21
d = 21 / 7 = 3
б) a₁ = 4, a₁₈ = -11
a₁₈ = a₁ + 17d, значит -11 = 4 + 17d
17d = -11 - 4 = -15
d = -15 / 17 ≈ -0.88
в) a₁ = 0.5, a₂₃ = -2.3
a₂₃ = a₁ + 22d, значит -2.3 = 0.5 + 22d
22d = -2.3 - 0.5 = -2.8
d = -2.8 / 22 ≈ -0.13
Ответ: a) 3 б) -15/17 в) -2.8/22