a) $$ 3x^3 + x^2 + 3x + 1 = x^2(3x+1) + (3x+1) = (x^2+1)(3x+1) $$.
б) $$ 2x + 2y - x^2 - xy = 2(x+y) - x(x+y) = (2-x)(x+y) $$.
Ответ: a) $$ (x^2+1)(3x+1) $$; б) $$ (2-x)(x+y) $$.