а) \(y - \frac{5}{10} = \frac{5}{8}\)
\(y = \frac{5}{10} + \frac{5}{8} = \frac{5 \cdot 4}{10 \cdot 4} + \frac{5 \cdot 5}{8 \cdot 5} = \frac{20}{40} + \frac{25}{40} = \frac{45}{40} = \frac{9}{8}\)
б) \(\frac{4}{5} + x = \frac{1}{2}\)
\(x = \frac{1}{2} - \frac{4}{5} = \frac{1 \cdot 5}{2 \cdot 5} - \frac{4 \cdot 2}{5 \cdot 2} = \frac{5}{10} - \frac{8}{10} = -\frac{3}{10}\)
Ответ: а) \(y = \frac{9}{8}\), б) \(x = -\frac{3}{10}\)