$$(40-3) \cdot 5 = 40 \cdot 5 - 3 \cdot 5 = 200 - 15 = 185$$
$$6 \cdot (80-2) = 6 \cdot 80 - 6 \cdot 2 = 480 - 12 = 468$$
Ответ: a) 185; б) 468.