Даны векторы $$a = (1, 0, 4)$$ и $$b = (2, 2, 1)$$.
Найдем вектор $$3b$$:
$$3b = 3 \cdot (2, 2, 1) = (6, 6, 3)$$Найдем вектор $$3b - a$$:
$$3b - a = (6, 6, 3) - (1, 0, 4) = (5, 6, -1)$$Найдем скалярное произведение векторов $$(3b - a)$$ и $$a$$:
$$(3b - a) \cdot a = (5, 6, -1) \cdot (1, 0, 4) = 5 \cdot 1 + 6 \cdot 0 + (-1) \cdot 4 = 5 + 0 - 4 = 1$$Ответ: 1