a) (b + 4)² = (b + 4)(b + 4) = b² + 4b + 4b + 16 = b² + 8b + 16
б) (а + 3)³ = (а + 3)(а + 3)(а + 3) = (a² + 3a + 3a + 9)(a + 3) = (a² + 6a + 9)(a + 3) = a³ + 3a² + 6a² + 18a + 9a + 27 = a³ + 9a² + 27a + 27
в) (x – 1)⁴ = (x – 1)(x – 1)(x – 1)(x – 1) = (x² - x - x + 1)(x² - x - x + 1) = (x² - 2x + 1)(x² - 2x + 1) = x⁴ - 2x³ + x² - 2x³ + 4x² - 2x + x² - 2x + 1 = x⁴ - 4x³ + 6x² - 4x + 1
Ответ: b² + 8b + 16; a³ + 9a² + 27a + 27; x⁴ - 4x³ + 6x² - 4x + 1