Ответ:

  1. \(\operatorname{arcctg}(-1)=\frac{3\pi}{4}\), а \(\operatorname{arctg}(-1)=-\frac{\pi}{4}\).

    \(\frac{3\pi}{4}-\frac{\pi}{4}=\frac{\pi}{2}\).

  2. \(\arcsin(-\frac{\sqrt2}{2})=-\frac{\pi}{4}\), а \(\operatorname{arcctg}(-\sqrt3)=\frac{5\pi}{6}\).

    \(-\frac{\pi}{4}+\frac{5\pi}{6}=-\frac{3\pi}{12}+\frac{10\pi}{12}=\frac{7\pi}{12}\).

  3. \(\operatorname{arctg}(-\frac{\sqrt3}{3})=-\frac{\pi}{6}\), \(\operatorname{arctg}\frac{\sqrt3}{3}=\frac{\pi}{6}\).

    \(-\frac{\pi}{6}-\frac{\pi}{6}=-\frac{\pi}{3}\).

  4. \(\arccos(-\frac12)=\frac{2\pi}{3}\), а \(\operatorname{arcctg}(-\sqrt3)=\frac{5\pi}{6}\).

    \(\frac{2\pi}{3}-\frac{5\pi}{6}=\frac{4\pi}{6}-\frac{5\pi}{6}=-\frac{\pi}{6}\).

Ответ: а) \(\frac{\pi}{2}\); б) \(\frac{7\pi}{12}\); в) \(-\frac{\pi}{3}\); г) \(-\frac{\pi}{6}\).