$$ \sqrt{2}\cos^2\frac{5\pi}{8} - \sqrt{2}\sin^2\frac{5\pi}{8} = \sqrt{2}(\cos^2\frac{5\pi}{8} - \sin^2\frac{5\pi}{8}) = \sqrt{2}\cos(\frac{5\pi}{4}) = \sqrt{2}(-\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}) = -1 $$
Ответ: -1