a) Дано: $$b_1 = 125$$, $$b_3 = 5$$.
$$b_3 = b_1 \cdot q^{3-1} = b_1 \cdot q^2$$, отсюда $$q^2 = \frac{b_3}{b_1} = \frac{5}{125} = \frac{1}{25}$$, значит, $$q = \pm \frac{1}{5} = \pm 0,2$$.
$$b_6 = b_1 \cdot q^{6-1} = b_1 \cdot q^5$$, $$b_6 = 125 \cdot (\frac{1}{5})^5 = 125 \cdot \frac{1}{3125} = \frac{125}{3125} = \frac{1}{25} = 0,04$$.
$$b_6 = 125 \cdot (-\frac{1}{5})^5 = 125 \cdot (-\frac{1}{3125}) = -\frac{125}{3125} = -\frac{1}{25} = -0,04$$.
б) Дано: $$b_1 = -\frac{2}{9}$$, $$b_3 = -2$$.
$$b_3 = b_1 \cdot q^{3-1} = b_1 \cdot q^2$$, отсюда $$q^2 = \frac{b_3}{b_1} = \frac{-2}{-\frac{2}{9}} = \frac{2 \cdot 9}{2} = 9$$, значит, $$q = \pm 3$$.
$$b_7 = b_1 \cdot q^{7-1} = b_1 \cdot q^6$$, $$b_7 = -\frac{2}{9} \cdot 3^6 = -\frac{2 \cdot 729}{9} = -2 \cdot 81 = -162$$.
$$b_7 = -\frac{2}{9} \cdot (-3)^6 = -\frac{2 \cdot 729}{9} = -2 \cdot 81 = -162$$.
в) Дано: $$b_4 = -1$$, $$b_6 = -100$$.
$$b_6 = b_4 \cdot q^{6-4} = b_4 \cdot q^2$$, отсюда $$q^2 = \frac{b_6}{b_4} = \frac{-100}{-1} = 100$$, значит, $$q = \pm 10$$.
$$b_4 = b_1 \cdot q^{4-1} = b_1 \cdot q^3$$, отсюда $$b_1 = \frac{b_4}{q^3} = \frac{-1}{10^3} = -\frac{1}{1000} = -0,001$$.
$$b_1 = \frac{b_4}{q^3} = \frac{-1}{(-10)^3} = \frac{-1}{-1000} = \frac{1}{1000} = 0,001$$.
Ответ: a) $$b_6 = \pm 0,04$$; б) $$b_7 = -162$$; в) $$b_1 = \pm 0,001$$