а) \[\frac4{y+2}-\frac3{y-2}+\frac{12}{(y-2)(y+2)}=\frac{4(y-2)-3(y+2)+12}{y^2-4}=\frac y{y^2-4}.\]
б) \[\frac a{a-6}-\frac3{a+6}+\frac{a^2}{(6-a)(6+a)}=\frac a{a-6}-\frac3{a+6}-\frac{a^2}{(a-6)(a+6)}=\frac{a(a+6)-3(a-6)-a^2}{a^2-36}=\frac{3a+18}{a^2-36}=\frac{3(a+6)}{(a-6)(a+6)}=\frac3{a-6}.\]
в) \[2x-2y=2(x-y),\quad\frac{x^2}{(x-y)^2}-\frac{x+y}{2(x-y)}=\frac{2x^2-(x+y)(x-y)}{2(x-y)^2}=\frac{x^2+y^2}{2(x-y)^2}.\]
г) \[b^2-ab=b(b-a)=-b(a-b),\quad\frac b{(a-b)^2}-\frac{a+b}{-b(a-b)}=\frac b{(a-b)^2}+\frac{a+b}{b(a-b)}=\frac{b^2+(a+b)(a-b)}{b(a-b)^2}=\frac{a^2}{b(a-b)^2}.\]