Ответ:
а) \(a^4-8a^2+16=(a^2-4)^2=(a-2)^2(a+2)^2\).
\[\frac{(a+2)(a-2)}{(a-2)^2(a+2)^2}=\frac1{a^2-4}.\]
б) \(27y^3+1=(3y+1)(9y^2-3y+1)\), \(1-9y^2=(1-3y)(1+3y)\).
\[\frac{27y^3+1}{1-9y^2}=\frac{9y^2-3y+1}{1-3y}.\]
в) \(x^2-y^2-3x-3y=(x-y-3)(x+y)\).
\[\frac{(x-y-3)(x+y)}{x-y-3}=x+y.\]
Ответ: а) \(\frac1{a^2-4}\); б) \(\frac{9y^2-3y+1}{1-3y}\); в) \(x+y\).
