b₁ + b₁q² = 40
b₁q + b₁q³ = 80
b₁ = 40 / (1 + q²)
(40 / (1 + q²)) * q + (40 / (1 + q²)) * q³ = 80
40q + 40q³ = 80(1 + q²)
q + q³ = 2(1 + q²)
q³ - 2q² + q - 2 = 0
q²(q - 2) + (q - 2) = 0
(q² + 1)(q - 2) = 0
q = 2
b₁ = 40 / (1 + 2²) = 40 / 5 = 8
b₁ / q = 8 / 2 = 4
Ответ: 4