4) $$\frac{\sin^2 a - \cos^2 a}{\sin a \cos a} = \frac{\sin^2 a}{\sin a \cos a} - \frac{\cos^2 a}{\sin a \cos a} = \frac{\sin a}{\cos a} - \frac{\cos a}{\sin a} = tg a - \frac{1}{tg a}$$.
Если $$tg a = \frac{3}{2}$$, то $$tg a - \frac{1}{tg a} = \frac{3}{2} - \frac{2}{3} = \frac{9 - 4}{6} = \frac{5}{6}$$.